This study is prompted by the adoption of Directive (EU) 2024/2831 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on improving working conditions through digital platforms. The preamble to this Directive states that algorithm-based technologies, including automated monitoring systems and decision-making systems, have enabled the emergence and development of digital labor platforms. Work on these platforms is carr...

The article examines the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the fi eld of social security, as well as Article 5 of Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and work. Starting from two rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the a...

The article analyzes territorial jurisdiction in labor disputes, considering that recent legislative amendments stipulate that the scope of labor conflicts also includes disputes concerning the conclusion, execution, modification, suspension, and termination of employment relationships based on legal labor relations not founded on an individual employment contract, as regulated by special laws. Under these circumstances, the article highlights...

This article contains two important sections. The first refers to the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union dated April 3, 2025, delivered in Case C-431/23, WIBRA BELGIE SA, which concerns the interpretation of Article 5(1) of Council Directive 2001/23/EC of March 12, 2001 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees’ rights in the event of transfers of undertakings,...

In the present article, the authors focus on the connection between employment relationships and the right to pension. It is evident that performing subordinate work, with the right to remuneration and the obligation to pay social security contributions, gives rise to the right to a pension. In principle, this right arises after the termination of the employment relationship. As a general rule, Law no. 360/2023 prohibits the cumulation of salar...

The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the European social model and is focused on cohesion and social inclusion as fundamental pillars in reducing inequalities and promoting a fair society. The study begins by historically contextualizing the formation of the European social model, highlighting its evolution and the importance of cohesion and inclusion concepts. Subsequently, the paper presents the theoretical foundations and a review of s...

The opening of insolvency proceedings is an event likely to bring serious consequences in terms of the security of employees and their claims. The common legal regulations of labor law and employer insolvency regarding the termination of employment contracts allow the observation of inaccuracies related to the right of unilateral termination, the right to notice, the person legally entitled to make decisions regarding the conclusion, amendment...

Article 56 paragraph (1) letter c) of the Labour Code shall be analysed primarily in light of the implicit amendments brought by Law no. 360/2023 on the public pension system. A proper understanding cannot be achieved without considering both laws. The possibility of combining the pension with a salary in the private sector must be viewed as a means of exercising two fundamental rights regulated by the Constitution: the exercise of one fundame...

This article aims to provide an analysis of the legal provisions of the Romanian Labour Code concerning the professional training of employees, with a particular focus on the potential challenges that may arise in practice when an employer makes erroneous managerial decisions regarding the organization of training programs. Additionally, the article explores the occupational health and safety risks that the employer may incur when such trainin...

The employer benefits from the prerogative of control in the execution of the employment contract, through which he has the right to monitor the activity of employees, including by video equipment. This aspect has generated several disputes in the practice of courts but also of national authorities with a role in ensuring compliance with personal data, regarding the limits within which the employer can exercise this right. Both the European C...