In the field of organizational psychology, we have recently witnessed the emergence of lesser-known phenomena that imp act the work environment. Among them is the phenomenon of gaslighting. Precisely because of the novelty of the notion, the study probes the subjective perception of the participants related to the existence of the phenomenon but also of the protective norms in front of it. From the answers of the participants it follows that t...

On May 5, 2025, at the headquarters of the European Union, the Social Dialogue Pact was signed by the President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen – and the Vice-President of the Commission – Roxana Mânzatu – together with representatives of the social partners (the European Trade Union Confederation and organizations of European business leaders). The Pact is a continuation of the Social Partners’ Declaration from Val D...

In this article, the authors present the main provisions of Directive (EU) 2022/2041 of 19 October 2022 of the European Parliament and of the Council on adequate minimum wages in the European Union, a directive taken over with regard to these wages in our law by Law no. 283/2024. Also, it is presented, especially and commented on art. 164 of the Labor Code, in its new wording, after it was amended by Law no. 268/2024. In this con...

Technologies are evolving today at an extremely fast pace, and artificial intelligence (A.I.) is at the heart of the changes. This, through its applications, plays an increasingly important role in industry, agriculture, finance-banking, medicine, education, military, even in … sport. In the latter field, it is estimated that in a period of 20 or 30 years, in football, the referee will be just an intelligent computer. With a huge...

In this article, the focus is on collective trade union representation in Spain through trade unions, which is exercised through the trade union section and trade union delegations. The trade union section is nothing but the trade union that acts within the enterprise and exercises the faculties that legally correspond to it by the legal imperative. Thus, the creation of a trade union section by union-affiliated workers is not limited t...

The Covid-19 pandemic, which led to the establishment of a state of emergency and alert on the territory of our country, also had a significant impact on labour law.The impact has determined the issuance of legal rules derogating from the legislation in force, with temporary applicability, corresponding to the duration of the health crisis. The aim of the legislature was to support employers as well as ...

The Covid-19 pandemic, which led to the establishment of a state of emergency and alert on the territory of our country, also had a significant impact on labour law. The impact has determined the issuance of legal rules derogating from the legislation in force, with temporary applicability, corresponding to the duration of the health crisis. The aim of the legislature was to support employers as well as employees so that they could continue th...

The existence of a civil lawsuit cannot be conceived without the presence of two parties – at least – who have opposing interests: the plaintiff – who makes a claim (in this case the employee) and the defendant – against the claimant (the employer). According to the provisions of the Labor Code, employees, trade unions and employers, as well as other legal or natural persons have this vocation. Both labor disputes in the case of ...

The revision is an extraordinary appeal of withdrawal and unsustainable of execution, which is exercised against the decisions pronounced on the merits or which evokes the merits and the reasons for revision are expressly and limitingly provided by art. 509 para. 1 pt. 1-11 C. pr. civ.

The appeal is the only ordinary remedy provided by the Code of Civil Procedure – article 466-482; is the procedural means by which the party dissatisfied with the solution given by the first instance, in civil disputes, as well as in labor disputes, invests the higher court (court of appeal, in the matter discussed) with the control of the decision of the first instance (court).