This article clarifies some legal aspects regarding the legality of incorporating the penalty clause in the individual employment contract by the employer. According to the author, the civil law regarding the penalty clause is not applicable – for the most part – to labor relations, as it contravenes the specificity of this category of relationships. However, there are also exceptional situations in which the appl...

According to the legal regulations from the Labour Code, moral damages can be granted only if the employee is injured by the employer during the execution of the individual labour contract. The acknowledgement of moral damages and the determination of the amount of moral damages in the labour disputes may be a challenge just as it is in the case of civil litigations. The court has the task of ordering the administration of the appropria...

The study presents two recent solutions of the CJEU in interpreting some of the provisions of Directive no. 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, regarding the internal regulations of an undertaking prohibiting workers from bearing visible signs of political, philosophical or religious nature at work, and the request of a client of the employer that the work should not be performe...

The concept of „worker” has been defined over time by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the framework of the free movement that is recognized and granted to him, through a vast jurisprudence. The Court’s intervention was necessary because the lack of a unitary community meaning of the notion would have allowed the Member States to limit the field of application of the principle of free movement of persons and workforce by res...