This study is prompted by the adoption of Directive (EU) 2024/2831 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on improving working conditions through digital platforms. The preamble to this Directive states that algorithm-based technologies, including automated monitoring systems and decision-making systems, have enabled the emergence and development of digital labor platforms. Work on these platforms is carr...

The article analyzes territorial jurisdiction in labor disputes, considering that recent legislative amendments stipulate that the scope of labor conflicts also includes disputes concerning the conclusion, execution, modification, suspension, and termination of employment relationships based on legal labor relations not founded on an individual employment contract, as regulated by special laws. Under these circumstances, the article highlights...

The study aims to present and explain the concept of worker, as regulated by the European Union, by national rules, and as it results from the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. As mentioned above, in a narrow sense, a worker means a person who performs subordinate work for a beneficiary, in exchange for remuneration. In a broad sense, the term in question also concerns other persons: those looking for a job, the u...

The study aims to present and explain the concept of worker, as regulated by the European Union, by national rules, and as it results from the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. As mentioned above, in a narrow sense, a worker means a person who performs subordinate work for a beneficiary, in exchange for remuneration. In a broad sense, the term in question also concerns other persons: those looking for a job, the une...

The meaning of the concept of „worker” and „working time”, both in general and in particular for certain areas of activity, has been outlined and explained within the framework of the Union’s rules and CJEU jurisprudence. The jurisprudence of the Court on the working time of healthcare workers is of particular importance for the correct application of the provisions of Directive 2003/88/EC. One of the controversial situations on which the Cou...

The concept of „worker” has been defined over time by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the framework of the free movement that is recognized and granted to him, through a vast jurisprudence. The Court’s intervention was necessary because the lack of a unitary community meaning of the notion would have allowed the Member States to limit the field of application of the principle of free movement of persons and workforce by resorting ...