In this article, the author analyzes the material liability of the military – a specific form of liability for damages. The conditions of liability, the causes which remove the unlawfulness of the act and the procedure for establishing and recovering damages shall be taken into account.

This article clarifies some legal aspects regarding the legality of incorporating the penalty clause in the individual employment contract by the employer. According to the author, the civil law regarding the penalty clause is not applicable – for the most part – to labor relations, as it contravenes the specificity of this category of relationships. However, there are also exceptional situations in which the application...